Jul 15, 2019 management of solid and hazardous waste is a challenge for urban local bodies, scientists as well policy makers. Study of biological methods in landfill leachate treatment. This may cause significant problems if the waste contains. From the prefacesanitary landfills are the most widely utilized method of solid waste disposal around the world. Three leachate samplings were carried out in three different zones of the dump. Solid waste sw leachate treatment using constructed. Solid waste is an important environmental problem in both developing and developed countries. Leachate generation is a major problem for municipal solid waste msw landfills and causes significant threat to surface water and groundwater. The age of the landfills and waste composition have a significant effect on leachate composition. Sanitary landfill leachate generation, control and. Leachate characteristics mainly depend on the type of waste, age of landfill and moisture content. Study on treatment of municipal solid waste landfill leachate.
Overview of the solid waste collection and disposal mechanisms used throughout the region. The leachate composition of an old waste dump connected to. Municipal solid waste msw disposal has become an increasingly serious problem in many parts of the world. Landfilling, one of the prevailing worldwide waste management strategies, is presented together with its benefits and environmental risks. Solid waste landfills are a necessity in modernday society, because the collection and disposal of waste materials into centralized locations helps minimize risks to public health and safety. Sanitary landfills are the most widely utilized method of solid waste disposal. Waste composition an overview sciencedirect topics.
In addition to numerous hazardous constituents, leachate generally contains nonhazardous. Graph showing local water line and oxygen and hydrogen isotope content of. We briefly summarize the biochemical processes occurring during composting and the use and applications of compost in the environment. In nepal, especially in urban cities and metropolitans, solid waste. Treatment of leachate from municipal solid waste of. Chapter 7 solid waste management solid waste refers here to all nonliquid wastes. After 18 years of overturning the dump was closed in 1992, and the reclamation works started. Explain the functional elements of swm solid waste disposal acts 1.
The aim of this work is to propose a plan for the choice of a suitable process for the treatment of a young leachate from municipal solid waste. The sample of leachate was collected from bagalkot municipal solid waste msw site. Landfilling of waste has increased dramatically over recent years and there have been many examples of landfills which are unacceptable on environmental. Leachate pollution potential in municipal solid waste landfills is largely originated by a series of organic and inorganic compounds. Management of solid and hazardous waste is a challenge for urban local bodies, scientists as well policy makers. Oct 04, 20 the understanding of moisture content distribution within municipal solid waste msw in a landfill due to leachate recirculation plays an important role in designing and optimizing the operation of a leachate recirculation system. Basics of solid and hazardous waste management technology 1st. Municipal solid waste is defined differently in different european states, but. Despite waste stream restrictions, msw landfill leachate still has a high probability of containing potentially significant concentrations of hazardous chemicals arising from household and commercial use of these chemicals and through. Leachate can be defined as a liquid that passes through alandfill and has extracted dissolved and suspended matter from it. Rjpt study of leachate characterization in landfill by. This easytoread and pragmatic book offers a systematic treatment of solid and hazardous waste management technology.
Physical and chemical composition of solid wastes vary depending on sources and types of solid wastes. Landfill leachate collection pipe design solid waste association of north america north carolina chapter spring conference april 2528, 2016 ali khatami, ph. According to bialowiec 2011 these emissions produce on average circa 150 range of 70300 m 3 of biogas per 103 kg of municipal waste related to dry matter weight and about 5 m 3. Solid waste management in the caribbean proceedings from. Its composition may vary depending on the phase of biodegradation, which also is affected partially by landfill age as mentioned table 3. However, mismanagement of solid wastes, and deficient development nonengineered of landfills result in soil and groundwater contamination due to leachates generated there 4. Solid waste disposalespecially after the love canal incidenthas become the focus of public awareness and concern for pollution. This article focuses on the types of waste composition coming to landfills of different ages and waste feeding amount and leachate characteristics bod5, codcr of those landfill sites. This chapter provides an overview of waste generation, waste stream composition, and incineration in the context of waste management. From the preface sanitary landfills are the most widely utilized method of solid waste disposal around the world. Waste management in urban centres of east africa has for a long time been centralised liyala 2011, with the useof imported refuse truck rotich et al.
Treatment of leachate from municipal solid waste land. For young leachate the concentration of cod will be 10,000 mgl while cod will be less than 30,000 mgl for landfills older than 10 years 1. It was observed that the fresh leachate has relatively high amount of bod5 and codcr. Municipal solid waste increasing day by day not only population growth but also due to industrialization also. Leachate composition varies relative to the amount of precipitation and the quantity and type of wastes disposed. Map showing distribution of total dissolved solids in ground water and leachate in the study area 43 14. The effects of process variables such as ph, applied cell voltage, and operating time were investigated on cod and turbidity removal. Perspectives on biological treatment of sanitary landfill. Solidwaste characteristics composition and properties.
Municipal solid waste management mswm system in east africa has. Estimate the quantity and quality of water in a landfill at the end of the postclosure monitoring period and subsequent leachate generation rates. This chapter briefly presents the chemical composition. Engineering design guidelines solid waste treatment rev01. Solid waste landfills big and small been around for a long time most economical method of solid waste disposal landfilling is a fact. Composition, characteristics and methods of collection. The method of sanitary landfilling for final disposal of waste remains a generally accepted and used method but the available scientific evidence on the waste related environmental and health effects is not conclusive. Communities are faced with the challenge of developing waste management approaches from options that include reduction of waste generated, incineration, landfilling, recycling, reuse, 11reuse refers to using a material more than once in its original manufactured. Map showing hydrogen and oxygen isotope composition of ground water, surface water, and leachate in the study area 46 15.
The nature of the deposited waste in a landfill will affect gas and leachate production and composition by virtue of relative proportions of degradable and nondegradeable components, the moisture content and the specific. Pollution control technology for leachate from municipal solid waste discusses the different types of leachates and provides the technologies and methods currently available for its control and removal. Basics of solid and hazardous waste management technology. Municipal solid waste management mswm system in east africa has changed from the colonial days in the 40s, 50s and. However, this has not been implemented in padang siding, perlis landfill as yet. Sustainable collection and treatment of landfill leachate is tremendously important to prevent landfill leachate from. Review data on the composition of leachate associated with welldecomposed refuse and propose criteria for the identification of stable leachate. Pollution control technology for leachate from municipal. Therefore this course has been designed to have a holistic comprehension of solid wastes including msw, biomedical waste, e waste, plastic waste, radioactive waste, fly ash etc. This paper presents, treatment of solid waste leachate by electrocoagulation ec technique using aluminum electrodes. Landfill leachate is mainly the result of precipitation of water into the layers of buried waste, and biochemical reactions of waste that has dangerous substances and pollutants that lead to the contamination of surface and groundwater resources.
The book introduces the integrated and pretreatment leachate treatment processes that are necessary to deal with the variations. Other wastes, similar in nature and composition, but collected by the private sector, are also included in this definition. Common waste management practices include landfilling, biological treatment, show all. The composition and components in leachate are very complex, depending on the sources, locations, and climate. Leachate characterization and assessment of groundwater. Modern solid waste management plants in most developed countries now emphasize the practice of recycling and waste reduction at the source rather than incineration and land disposal. Depending on the composition and extent of decomposition of the refuse and hydrological factors, the leachate may become highly. Even in the same country it changes from place to place as it depends on number of factors such as social customs, standard of living, geographical location, climate etc. The composition and characteristics of landfill leachate are presented from the aspect of.
Poor management of the collection and disposal of solid waste may lead to leachate pollution of surface water or groundwater. Control and treatment of landfill leachate for sanitary waste disposal. A second source of leachate arises from the high moisture content of certain disposed wastes. Characteristics of population standard of living, their cultural habits extent of salvaging and recycling. This overview is based on published reports that represent landfills that are on the order of 40 years old and. Concentration of various physicochemical parameters including heavy metal cd, cr, cu, fe, ni, pb and zn and microbiological parameters total coliform tc and faecal coliform fc were determined in groundwater and. Leachate characteristics depend heavily on several factors. An adequate landfill leachate collection and treatment allows proper. Leachate recycle process offers pros and cons waste360. Solid waste characteristics composition and properties. In general this does not include excreta, although sometimes nappies and the faeces of young children may be mixed with solid waste.
Aside from biogas, another nonavoidable product of landfilling is landfill leachate, which usually contains a variety of potentially hazardous inorganic and organic compounds. Final report closing the gaps in the regulation of. It produces 2700 tons of solid waste every day which may increase to 3400 tonsday during summer. Leachate results from precipitation entering the landfill from moisture that. Landfills were often overused in past, everything went into them modern facilities discriminate in waste acceptance. Change in waste composition as an index of economic development as countries develop and become more urbanized, the waste composition undergoes a change the notable feature of which is the increase in the paper, paper packaging, plastics, multi material. Msw can represent a considerable potential resource. Challenges and recommendations about waste composition, including the issues related to hazardous waste management. In recent years, the global market for recyclables has increased significantly. It provides indepth coverage on all aspects of waste characterization, treatment, disposal, and recovery.
Leachate formed from municipal solid waste is composed of various organic and inorganic contaminants table 2. Browse the amazon editors picks for the best books of 2019, featuring our. Leachate and groundwater samples were collected from gazipur landfillsite and its adjacent area to study the possible impact of leachate percolation on groundwater quality. The composition of the solid waste stream controls the composition of the leachate produced at an msw landfill. Control and treatment of landfill leachate for sanitary waste. This dump still contains solid wastes of different types in direct contact with the human consumption aquifer. Based on type of waste leachate may have higher concentration of calcium as well as alkalinity. Municipal solid waste msw disposal is an everincreasing problem in many parts of the world, especially in.
Solid waste composition, rate of generation and methods of treatment and disposal vary considerably throughout the world and largely determine the potential of waste to impair groundwater quality. Landfill leachate an overview sciencedirect topics. Solid waste landfills, which are regulated differently than hazardous waste landfills, may accept a variety of solid, semisolid, and small quantities of liquid wastes. The waste composition was studied onsite and collected leachates from the landfill sites.
The investigation of various biological methods in leachate treatment, their advantages and. Solid wastes management begins with a focus on processing municipal and similar commercial, as well as industrial wastes. The book introduces the integrated and pretreatment leachate treatment. Solid waste management in the caribbean proceedings from the. Ce2039 municipal solid waste management iv year vii sem civil engineering 1. Leachate is defined as any contaminated liquid that is generated from water percolating through a solid waste disposal site, accumulating contaminants, and moving into subsurface areas. Modern solidwaste management plants in most developed countries now emphasize the practice of recycling and waste reduction at the source rather than incineration and land disposal. Sanitary landfills are the most widely utilized method of solid waste disposal around the world.
In order to reduce environmental effects with the produced leachate composition, quantity, concentration have to be minimize and new techniques are required to reduce green house gas emissions from landfills. Landfills are planned and designed to sequester solid waste material by burying it in layers of earth in an effort to decrease human health hazards. Present and longterm composition of msw landfill leachate. Leachate contamination potential of unlined municipal solid waste landfill sites by leachate pollution index barjinder bhalla1, m. Solid waste management in african cities east africa. Landfill leachate collection and treatment sustainable. Pdf treatment of leachate from municipal solid waste landfill. Basics of solid and hazardous waste management technology 00. The composition and characteristics of municipal solid wastes vary throughout the world. Zhao youcai, in pollution control technology for leachate from municipal solid waste, 2018 5. Therefore, it must be collected and treated properly. Challenges and opportunities cities with increase in economic activities enormous levels of waste including hazardous and toxic wastes changing lifestyles composition of waste is also changing a growing realization of the negative impacts that wastes on environment, land, human health, climate and so on complexity, costs and coordination of waste management has.
Generation, control and treatment crc press book from the prefacesanitary landfills are the most widely utilized method of solid waste disposal around the world. Composition and characterization of municipal solid waste. Dec 03, 2014 physical and chemical composition of solid wastes vary depending on sources and types of solid wastes. The book identifies the sources of solid waste, provides general information of the quantities of waste generated and discarded, and examines the potential effects of solid. The sources of solid waste include residential, commercial, institutional, and industrial activities. With increased use and public awareness of this method of disposal, there is much concern with respect to the pollution potential of the landfill leachate.
Discussion around the issue of financial sustainability. It can be treated by different physicochemical and biological methods and their. Chapter 7 solid waste management european commission. Efficient and statistically sound sampling protocols for estimating the quantity and composition of solid waste over a stated period of time in a given location, such as a landfill site or at a specific point in an industrial or commercial process, are essential to the design of resource. Environmental toxicity and the health impacts of generated wastewaters are strictly governed by their composition compared with the. Landfill leachate requires proper management, which depends on waste moisture content and composition, biochemical and physical transformations, and inflow of water from outside the landfill. Management of municipal solid waste msw is one of the main. Encouraging selflearning, with a focus on current technical and scientific fundamentals, it covers all the basic concepts and tools needed for making decisions. Alternate disposal options are a thriving topic in the 90s and federal regulations have brought one disposal concern into the limelight leachate. Leachate may also have a high concentration of metals and contain some hazardous organic chemicals. Treatment of leachate from municipal solid waste landfill. Nov 20, 2017 leachate formed from municipal solid waste is composed of various organic and inorganic contaminants table 2. Pollution control technology for leachate from municipal solid waste 1st edition. Chemical composition of leachate from municipal solid waste elfadel et al.
Solid waste can create significant health problems and a very unpleasant living environment if not disposed of safely and. The objective of this article is to give an overview of the composition of leachate from landfills receiving municipal solid waste. Perspectives on biological treatment of sanitary landfill leachate. Solid waste landfills may cause severe environmental impacts if leachate and gas emissions are not controlled. Pollution control technology for leachate from municipal solid waste. Waste management wm is a demanding undertaking in all countries, with important implications for human health, environmental preservation, sustainability and circular economy.
The main problem of solid waste landfills is the production of leachate and biogas due to decomposition of organic waste compounds 3. This book provides a synthesis of existing knowledge on solid waste landfillingwith a focus on solving problems with landfill gas, managing leachate, and implementing environmentally secure operating procedures. Communities are faced with the challenge of developing wastemanagement approaches from options that include reduction of waste generated, incineration, landfilling, recycling, reuse, 11reuse refers to using a material more than once in its original manufactured. In the eu landfill directive, municipal solid waste is defined broader as the waste from households, as well as other waste which, because of its nature or composition, is similar to waste from households. Further to experience gained in the field of sewage treatment and the focus on high organic pollution, the biological treatment of leachate was initially implemented in many countries. Chemical and physical characteristics of compost leachates. Study on treatment of municipal solid waste landfill. Request pdf composition of leachate solid waste is an important. Municipal solid waste msw dumpsite constitutes a major anthropogenic point source of leachate contamination to the ambient groundwater and poses a significant threat to the geoecosystem.
Leachate generated in municipal landfill contains large amounts of organic and inorganic contaminants 1. Jha3 1 scientist c, pushpa gujral science city, kapurthala144601, punjab, india 2director, guru nanak dev engineering college, ludhiana 141006, punjab, india 3professor, department of chemical engineering, dr. If results of testing leachate as required by subpart 16, item b, exceed the maximum leachable contaminant levels of subpart 5, all new portions of the land disposal facility which accept ash from the same waste combustor or waste combustors must comply with the final cover requirements of subpart 10, item c, subitem 3, and the liner requirements of subpart 11, item o. The understanding of moisture content distribution within municipal solid waste msw in a landfill due to leachate recirculation plays an important role in designing and optimizing the operation of a leachate recirculation system. Impact of landfill leachate on the groundwater quality. Waste treatment composting, recycling and waste to energy options. This study has been carried out in an uncontrolled dump in the suburbs of buenos aires, argentina. Estimating moisture content of landfilled municipal solid. Without a good management it can have a negative effect for. Msw is heterogeneous in nature and consists of a number of different materials derived from various types of activities. There are few books on solid waste management available but hardly, which are written from the perspective of ethiopia, where majority of population does not have access to proper management of solid waste.
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