The thermal growth compensation function allows the measurement system to calculate the appropriate shims and values needed to make adjustments in such cases. These changes in the shaft alignment can be accommodated in a. The major topics in this tutorial will discuss the basic roughing in techniques for your initial alignment of machinery. Avace mafactri office the importance of motor shaft alignment the objective of optimized shaft alignment is to increase the operating life span of rotating machinery. For appropriate applications, the time, expertise and instruments needed to achieve precision alignment tolerances of less than 0. This interactive training unit is designed to familiarize trainees with the basic principles associated with measuring and correcting shaft misalignment. Adjust the machine in live mode in both horizontal and. Shaft alignment industrial wiki odesie by tech transfer.
Additionally, we have included the following links to other informative articles that may be of benefit to you and the team at your facility. The plunger is a spring loaded part that can be depressed into the case causing the dial to move clockwise. Dial gauge alignment procedure in covered with detailed animation. Xt770 series laser shaft alignment systems to make performing the alignment even easier. The data validity rule 1 shown in following equation. Shaft alignment store shaft alignment by vibralign. Basic shaft alignment workbook for industrial rotatin n1achincrv.
The procedure for doing reverse dial indicator alignment is not a difficult one. Historically, shaft alignment tolerances have been governed by the coupling manufacturers design specifications. Oct 12, 2017 the major topics in this tutorial will discuss the basic roughing in techniques for your initial alignment of machinery. Entirely new chapters explore bore and parallel alignment. If, on the other hand, you update your knowledge of shaftalignment techniques and acceptable alignment tolerances, you might be on the way to becoming more reliabilityfocused. Shaft alignment fluke 830 laser shaft alignment tool fluke. Significant new material reflects recent findings on detecting misalignment, machinery movement from offline to running. Laser alignment is an essential component of a viable maintenance. Take this shaft alignment training to lower your maintenance costs and increase the bearing life. A pdf with all measurement data is automafically generated. In fact, most alignments can be accomplished in one or two corrective moves. The main purpose of shaft alignment is to make sure that the center line of the motor rotor shaft coincides with the center line of the driven machinery i. Many types of rotating equipment require shaft alignment.
Stan shows you how to perform an alignment in just one or two moves. A practical guide to shaft alignment plant services. Includes compass measurement mode to enable flexible, reliable, and repeatable measurements using an activated electronic inclinometer. The primary parts of a dial indicator are the face or dial, the case, and the plunger. Proper alignment of rotating equipment has a long been recognized as a prerequisite to safe, reliable operation. When a driver like an electric motor or a turbine is coupled to a pump, generator, or any other piece of equipment, it is essential that the shafts of the two pieces are aligned. After completing a recent training class, i had opportunity to ask our customer what were some of the highest cost failures they experienced. Using a back to basics graphical method, it is shown how to visualize the shaft center lines that enable the aligner to use logic for the easiest and best move. Number what is shaft alignment 6 a definition 6 machine catenary 7 operation above critical speed 8 expressing alignment 10 alignment parameters 10 angularity, gap and offset 11 short flexible couplings 14 spacer shafts 15 how precise should alignment be. Changes in the temperature of machines from off line to running can have a significant impact on the shaft alignment. Here you can download the pdf template of the tksa 20 shaft alignment report, which can be used for documenting of your alignment activities. The two basic types of misalignment are parallelism and angularity.
Hot alignment is presented by showing different online moni. Years ago, most pump shafts were sealed using rings of soft packing, compressed by a packing gland, but this type of shaft seal required a fair amount of leakage just to lubricate the packing and keep. You will be introduced to the five primary alignment measurement methods. In how to align machines shaft alignment we provide you with alignment basics for shaft and coupling alignment along with an overview of shaft alignment methods and tooling. Laser alignment is an essential component of a viable. The alignment of shaft centerlines on coupled machines is one of the most important aspects of machine installation. The plunger is a spring loaded part that can be depressed into. Shaft misalignment is the usual culprit behind high levels of machine vibrations and premature bearing fatigue. Shaft alignment training course ppt presentation and. Readings are essentially unaffected by axial shaft movements. Several equipment alignment methods, especially the reverse dial indicator method, which is the principle used in laser alignment is covered in explicit detail. Alignment of vertical shaft hydro units fist 007 08022016 new release minor revisions approved 09162016 report documentation page.
Proper alignment of the pump shaft with the driver can reduce vibration and significantly improve reliability. The fluke 830 laser shaft alignment tool is the ideal test tool to precisionalign rotating shafts in your facility. If, on the other hand, you update your knowledge of shaft alignment techniques and acceptable alignment tolerances, you might be on the way to becoming more reliabilityfocused. Each student that attends the 2 day basic course receives a copy of the basic shaft alignment workbook and a certificate of completion. With feeler gauge find obvious gaps and fill them with shims, taking care of any rough soft foot condition. The purpose of producing this handbook is to provide basic information and guidelines for the implementation of good shaft alignment for. Shaft alignment of rotating equipment is an essential part of machinery maintenance. The tksa 41 is an advanced laser alignment solution for achieving accurate shaft alignments. Article that describes a new way to perform laser shaft alignments by performing both the vertical and horizontal adjustments from one set of alignment data, what vibralign now calls the vertizontal compound move. The purpose of this document is to provide guidance for vertical shaft alignment including when alignment procedures should be considered, and therefore, all information in this document is presented as plain text as required. However, the task of shaft allignment can be made easy by following a few guidelines. When a driver like an electric motor or a turbine is coupled to a pump, generator, or any other piece of equipment, it is essential that the shafts of the. By observing the coupled shafts in the form of centerlines, one can visualize how it will respond to thermal movement, and how misalignment affects the rotor.
Basic shaft alignment workbook engineering books library. This guide provides information for the implementation of good pulley alignment of beltdriven. Proper alignment of rotating machinery can help cut your energy costs and increase the inproduction time of your equipment. Oil oil and gas oil and gas engineering oil and gas industry organic chemicals organic chemistry organic chemistry basics organic. Calculation of thermal growth and how to select an allowable tolerance is also discussed. The original function of a flexible coupling was to accommodate the small amounts of shaft misalignment remaining after the completion of a shaft alignment using a straight edge or feeler gauges. The laser shaft alignment system with enhanced measuring and reporting. Dial indicator alignment basics alignment knowledge. Parallel or lateral misalignment shaft in alignment combined angular and lateral misalignment angular misalignment types parallel or lateral misalignment angular misalignment. Shaft misalignment is responsible for as much as 50 percent of all costs related to rotating machinery breakdowns. With two wireless measurement units, large sized detectors and powerful lasers, the instrument performs precise measurements in even the most challenging conditions.
Misalignment is any condition in which the shaft centerlines are not in a straight line during operation. A simple and effective procedure for doing shaft alignment of rotating machinery. To achieve this goal, components that are the most likely to fail must be made to operate within their acceptable design limits. Shaft alignment thermal growth compensation oftentimes, machines expand considerably when moving from a cold to hot operating temperature. This makes the alignment of the adjustable machine very simple. For example, the only correct way to express shaft alignment tolerances is in terms of alignment conditions at the coupling, and we will describe several ways to do this. In isolation each strategy can help to reduce unexpected machine failure. Each student that attends 3 day level 1 certification preparatory course receives a copy of the basic shaft alignment workbook, a copy of the shaft alignment self study guide, and a certificate of completion. Both types can be found in the vertical and horizontal planes. Dedicated chapters now discuss the basics of alignment modeling, each of the five basic alignment methods, and electrooptic methods. The alignment training is suitable for technicians undertaking machine alignment, coupling alignment, motor alignmnet, pump alignment, etc. Reverse alignmentunderstanding centerline measurement by c.
Proper shaft alignment is required to maintain operational longevity of all rotating machinery. Reverse alignmentunderstanding centerline measurement by. Aim to have all soft foot readings within 2 mils thou. Facilities instructions, standards, and techniques volume. Shaft aligning techniques shaft alignment by conventional method shaft alignment by dial test indicator dti shaft alignment by using laser equipment shaft alignment by using computer. Measure and correct alignment of the machine to achieve the final alignment to the required targets within tolerances. Basic shaft alignment workbook preface w elcome to the introductory book on. A back to basics approach to shaft alignment is presented. It is more farreaching than merely aligning a coupling to a coupling. For example, the only correct way to express shaftalignment tolerances is in terms of.
Pulley alignment guide precision alignment is an essential part of a proactive reliability program. Road construction procedure highway construction road work construction science chemical reactions science formula shaft alignment. The objective of accurate shaft alignment is to increase the operating life of the machine. Read the article to know more about shaft alignment method and techniques.
Dial indicator alignment basics dial indicators are measuring devices designed expressly to measure relative position. Pdf the basics of mems imugyroscope alignment philipp. Dec 01, 2002 shaft alignment tolerances historically, shaft alignment tolerances have been governed by the coupling manufacturers design specifications. The bent shaft affects alignment process by showing improper reading. Providing detailed guidance based on years of handson experience, the shaft alignment handbook, third edition is a practical tool to help avoid costly shutdowns, dangerous failures, and early replacements. Mechanical seals come in a wide variety of configurations and manufacturers. Shaft alignment training with vibralign professional trainer stan riddle.
Feb 04, 20 shaft alignment of rotating equipment is an essential part of machinery maintenance. There are several steps which need to be taken for a successful alignment job. I was asked to train the maintenance personnel in rotating machinery basics, pump overhaul, mechanical seals, basic vibration, and shaft alignment. The primary reasons why machinery is misaligned is lack of proper training, improper tools to do the job, and that people are not given enough time to do it right. For example, the only correct way to express shaftalignment tolerances is in terms of alignment conditions at the coupling, and we will describe several ways to do this.
Contrary to popular opinion, flexible couplings will not always compensate for even moderate amounts of shaft misalignment. Measure, diagnose, and correct soft foot with the assistance of the laser system and feeler gauges. Rotating machinery is the heart of many industrial operations, but many engineers and technicians perform shaft alignment by guesswork or with limited knowledge of the tools. Part one of a fourpart series that will cover alignment fundamentals and thermal growth, and highlight the importance of field measurements through two case studies. Achieving proper alignment, however, involves much more than merely adjustment the machines so that the shafts are coaxial. Downlod free this book, learn from this free book and enhance your skills. Nov 19, 2019 in how to align machines shaft alignment we provide you with alignment basics for shaft and coupling alignment along with an overview of shaft alignment methods and tooling. The fluke 830 laser shaft alignment tool is the ideal test tool to. Shaft alignment training course ppt presentation and machine. The shaft alignment training course provides a highly practical knowledge of the use of dial gauge in coupling alignment. Limited access to shafts may make brackets difficult to fit. Shaft alignment nizwa college of technology shaft alignment shaft alignment is the process to align two or more shafts with each other to within a tolerated margin. Rolling element bearings are misaligned when the faces of the inner ring and the outer ring are not parallel.
Shaft alignment tolerances historically, shaft alignment tolerances have been governed by the coupling manufacturers design specifications. Workers in our shaft alignment training learn to identify the symptoms of misaligned rotating machinery. To keep standard rotating machines running smoothly, industrial maintenance personnel must stay updated with various alignment tools and methods. Pdf basic shaft alignment workbook for industrial rotatin. The accuracy of the digital readout lets you align easily within prescribed tolerances.
Sep 17, 2014 because mechanical shaft seal failures are the number one cause of pump downtime, we decided to dedicate this column to mechanical seal basics. This shaft alignment video presents the most basic concepts of alignment. Shaft aligning procedure preliminary checks visually check coupling, pipe hangers, base bolts, coupling spacing etc. This 2minute, 46second video explains the basics of shaft alignment, including the two forms of misalignment, how to correct misalignment, and the challenges of precision alignment. This basic shaft alignment workbook book is available in pdf formate. Shaft alignment fundamentals contact ihrdc sales for corporate purchases add to cart price. Facilities instructions, standards, and techniques volume 21. Misalignment of shafts can damage bearings, couplings and other machine components.
The system also connects to the easylasers xt11 alignment computer used for the xt660 and xt440, xt770 series laser shaft alignment systems to make performing the alignment even easier. Shaft alignment is the process of aligning two or more shafts with each other to within a tolerated margin. Shaft alignment is one of the major problems related to machinery with shaft coupling. It is an absolute requirement for machinery before the machinery is put in service. Bearing misalignment is the second most common cause of premature bearing failure, after lack of lubrication. Laser alignment system shaft alignment tool tksa 41 skf. The alignment of shaft with the bearing and housing, which is a manufacturing tolerance stackup of the bearing parts and the housing bores and faces. The book is reference material on rotating machinery basics, pump overhaul, mechanical seals, basic vibration, and shaft alignment. Visually check coupling, pipehangers, base bolts, coupling spacing etc. To achieve our goal of proper shaft alignment, we must correct for.
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